2028Scale and enforce
2028 is the scale year. Voluntary systems must become enforceable; local systems must become multinational; We need to turn promising pilots into durable preparedness infrastructure.
Last updated: May 11, 2026 · Public updates are batched quarterly, with urgent corrections as needed.
Suggested philanthropic spend
$575M
Cumulative
$1.4B
Prevent
$95M
Detect
$60M
Defend
$420M
2028 Pillar Objectives
Prevent
- Move from uneven adoption to broad enforceable coverage across synthesis screening, KYC, AI-bio safeguards, and high-risk research governance.
- Expand attribution, monitoring, and deterrence capabilities so that malicious actors face increasing friction, visibility, and accountability.
Detect
- Scale early-warning systems from initial deployment into a genuinely international architecture with meaningful geographic reach and faster response timelines.
Defend
- Expand protective stockpiles, biohardening, MCM readiness, and multinational response exercises so that defensive systems begin to resemble durable infrastructure at national and international scale.
Milestones
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PreventKnow Your Customer (KYC)
Extend KYC to CROs, cloud labs, repositories, reagent suppliers, and AI/bio tools
PreventAI-Bio Safeguards
Mandate safeguards for high-risk LLMs, biological foundation models, and autonomous AI-lab systems
PreventResearch Governance
Move from pilot research governance to institutionalized oversight, licensing, audit, and institutional adoption frameworks
Require misuse monitoring and threat sharing for high-risk biological services
DetectGlobal Early Warning
Scale pathogen-agnostic surveillance and signal-to-action workflows to major hubs and sentinel sites on six continents
DetectDiagnostics & Testing
Authorize pathogen-agnostic diagnostics and build surge manufacturing capacity for rapid test deployment
Expand PPE stockpiles toward broad essential-workforce coverage and secure surge manufacturing agreements
Begin wider deployment of biohardening technologies through public-building requirements and code pathways
Validate progress toward 100-day MCM capability, distributed manufacturing, and market incentives through exercises
Run international exercises testing specific activation, procurement, communication, and playbook workflows
Measurement gaps to close
Shared methodology for measuring effective compliance in synthesis screening across jurisdictions; specific metric for success in misuse monitoring and threat-intelligence sharing; better benchmark for early-warning sensitivity and false-positive burden; cleaner way to measure real population coverage of surveillance, not just site count; measure of the practical protective value of PPE stockpiles, not just nominal inventory; more precise deployment metrics for built-environment biohardening; common testing standard for partial progress toward 100-day capability before the full end-state is reached.
Measurement gaps enter the quarterly measurement backlog. Each public update either converts the gap into a tracked metric, turns it into a future milestone or backlog item, or keeps it as a research agenda item with rationale.